Aeroplane



' p 9, 1930. c. T. JQNES 1,775,559

AEROPLANE Filed Oct. 23, 1929 4 Sheets-Sheet 1 INVENTOR ATTbRNEY Sept. 9, 1930. c. T. JONES 1,175,559

hERoPLANE I Filed Oct. 23 1929 4 Sheets-Sheet 2 alZTJbnes INVENTOR ATTOR NEY C. T. JONES Sept. 9, 1930.

AEROPLANE Filed Oct. 23, 1929 4 Sheets-Sheet 5 c. T; JONES Sept. 9, 1930.

AEROPLANE Filed 001:. 23, 1929 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 dTJones ATTORNEY Patented Sept. 9, 1930 CHARLIE JONES, OF POPLAR BLUFF, MISSOURI aianormn Application fled October 23, 1929. Serial No. 401,765.

This invention relates to improvements in aeroplanes, the general object of the invention being, to provide novel means .for controlling the movements of the ship from a point adjacent the pilots seat, such means including means for adjusting ahorizontal rudder at the tail of the ship, withmeans for.

' holding the rudder in adjusted position and means for causing the shlp to turn in either direction, such means causing the ship to bank on the turn.

Another object of the invention is to provide means for automatically bringing the ship back to'an even keel when the ship tilts sidewise. I z a This invention also consists in certain other features of constructiomand inthe combination and arrangement of the several parts, to

be hereinafterfully described, illustrated in 2c the accompanying drawings and specifically pointed out in the appended claims.

In describing the invention in detail, reference will be had to the accompanying drawings wherein like characters denote'like'or corresponding. parts throughoutthe several views, and in which 2- v Figure 1 is an elevation with parts .broken away, to show the interior parts. Figure 2 is a section on line 2--2 of Figure 1. I

Figure 3 is a section on line 3-3 of Fig ure Figure 4 is a section on line 4-4= of Figure 3.

Figure 5 is a ure 3.

Fjagure 6 is. a section online 6-6 of Figure 1 Figure 7 isa view of the two operating shafts with the hollow shaft in section, this view also showing a part'of the rudder moving means operated y the hollow shaft.

Figure 8 is a sectional view through the wing.

section on line 5-5 of Figusual propeller 1, the motors 2 and the landing gear 3. The wing is indicated at B; A HQ horizontal E'rudder 4 is pivoted at the tail of the fuselage and has a vertical part 5. Upper In these drawings, the letter A indicates the fuselage. of the ship which carries the and lower cables 6 connect the rudder with a lever 7 pivoted at its center to an interior art 1 of the fuselage, with its ends exten 'ng through slots in the fuselage. A sliding bar 8 is arranged in the bottom of the fuselage 5t and has the uprights 9 connected with its forward part and the 'rear end of the bar is connected with the lower end of the lever so that when the bar is moved, the lever will be rocked to tilt the rudder. I

A shaft 10 is supported for rotary and sliding movement in the fuselage and this shaft passes through holes in the upper ends of the uprights 9 and has a hand wheel 11 secured to its rear end which is adjacent to Q the pilots seat 12. This shaft has the collars 13 fastened thereto between which the up er end of one of the uprights is arranged, so t at by moving this shaft longitudinally by means of its hand wheel, the bar is moved forwardly or rearwardly to. cause the lever 7 to tilt the rudder 4 to cause the ship to ascend or descend. v

A hollow shaft 14 is rotatably mounted on the shaft 10 and passes through the instrument board 15, the shaft 10 also passing through this board. Handles 16 are attached to the rear end of the shaft 14 and these handles can also be reached by the pilot in the I seat 12. This hollow shaft has the collar 17 attached thereto and this when contacts the rear side of the rear upright and the front end'of the hollow s haft abuts the rear collar 13, so that the hollow shaft. will move longitudinally with the shaft 10, but can be rotated on said shaft 10. Said hollow shaft is externally threaded, as shown at 18, and the threaded part passes through a nut 19 which carries the oppositely arranged arms 20. A pair of springs 21 is connected, to theboard 9 15 and to the outer ends of the arms 20 and a pair of springs 22 is fastened to the arms and to a cross piece 23 in thefuselage through which the shaft 10 passes. As before stated, the hollow shaft is caused to move with the shaft 10 when said shaft is moved longitudinally and as the nut. 19 and its aigms 20 move with the hollow shaft 14, either one set of springs er the other set will be tensioned acg cording to the direction of'movementofthe.

shafts. For instance, forwardly, and the that when the shafts are released by the force hollow shaft pushing them forwardly, will move the shafts rea'rwardly until the tension of the front springs balances the tension of the rear springs and then the parts will come to rest, The arts are normally in a position with the front and rear springs tensioned an equal amount to hold the shafts, the uprights and thebar in a straight line. By moving the shafts longitudinall the rudder will be tilted in one direction or the other, and this movement of the shafts will tension one pair of springs so that these springs will return the parts to neutral position when the handle 11 is released. If it is desired to hold the rudder tilted are moved longitudinally t6 properly tilt the rudder, which, of course, springs, and slackens the while holding the shafts'in this position, the is turned by its handles 16 so as to adjust the nut 19 and its arms to a posi tion which will equalize the tension of the two sets of springs so that these springs'will then hold the shafts and, therefore, the rudder in their adjusted position, provides means for keeping the ship on its course without attention from the pilot The nut is held against turning movement with n the hollow shaft by the rods 24 fastened to .wardly and a sleeve 4 sleeves 27 and 28.

stat-ionary'parts in the fuselage and passing through the ends of the arms 20.

An aileron 25is arranged at each side of Q the body,

the forward ends of the ailerons being supported for rocking movement, as shown at '26. A bar "26" is attached to the inner side of each aileron and extends rear 27 is slidably and rotatably arranged on said bar. Each sleeve is pivoted to a sleevel28 slidably and r0- tatably arranged on a cross bar 29 which passes transversely through the fuselage and is pivoted at its center to a hanger 30 in the fuselage so that when the bar 29 istilted in one direction, one'aileron will berais ed and the other lowered and vice versa. A pair;

extending bars 31 is each of longitudinally intermediateits ends to a partin pivote the fusela e-and; the rear end of each of i g tion that the advantages and novel features these bars is connected to the bar 29 by a pair ofsleeves 32arranged-similarly to the The forward ends of the bars 31 are connected by the sleeves'33 to the. ends of a cross bar 34 pivoted at its center ,A slotted arm 36 .is conto a hanger 35. nected with the pivotal- -point of the bar 34 and the upper end of a stem 37 of a'weight 38 is pivoted in the slot offthe arm. Theseparts are so arranged that the Weight-is free to swing on its'pivot in the arm when the ship tips longitudinally, but a slide slip of the rear springs 8 with the rudder as before explained,-

for sometime, the shaftstensions one set of vother set and then,

This arrangement .;part of the fuselage for rasse the ship will cause the weight to act to turn the bar 34 on its pivot so that the bars 31 and the bar 29 will be moved and thus the ailerons will be adjusted to bring the ship back to an even keel.

A pair of drum shafts 39 is longitudinally arranged in the forward part of the fuselage and these shafts are rotated from the shaft 10, when the same is rotated, through means of the gears 40, Each shaft 39 carries a small drum 41 and a large drum 42. The weight is arranged between the small drums and a cable 43 connects each small drum with the weight. These parts are so arranged that while one cable is the other cable is unwinding from its drum so that by turning the shaft, 10, the weight can be shifted in either direction and thus cause the ailerons to be adjusted to make the ship tilt to eitherside, as the pilot desires.

Side rudders 44 are each hinged at its forward end to a side of the fuselage forwardly of the ailerons, and these rudders are normally held against the sides of the fuse lage by a spring 45. A forwardly extending arm 46 is connected to the inner face of each rudder and a cable 47 is connected with the front end of each arm and is wound around the large drum 42 which is farthest from the arm. The cables pass downwardly over the drums so thatwhile one cable is being wound on its drum, the other cable will be unwinding from its drum so that the side rudders will work opposite to the ailerons and thus the ship will be caused to turn toward the side the rudder of which has been moved outwardly by the pilot and by turnin the shaft 10, the pilot operates the side ru der and the ailerons simultaneously. Thus the pilot can control the movements of the ship from his seat by partly rotating the shaft 10 and moving the same longitudinally.

I prefer to make the wing B of hollow construction and gas-tight, so that gas can be introduced into the same through the inlet 48 so as to make the wing buoyant, and this gas can be discharged as desired through the outlet valve 49 by cable 50'which is connected tothe valveand leads to; a point near his seat.

- Figure 5, shows a tank X in the upper containing water. It is thought from the foregoing'descripof the invention will be readily apparent.

It is to be understood that changes may the pilot pullingupon the.

being wound on its drum, t

' the forward sides of the body, alongtudinally and rotatably arranged operating member,-means for actuating the horizontal rudder by the longitudinal movement of said member and means for operating either slde rudder and adjusting the ailerons to cause the craft to turn by the rotary movement of said member. s

2. An aeroplane comprising a, body, a wing, a horizontal rudder, ailerons at the sides of the body and separated from the wing, side rudders hin edly connected with the forward sides of tfie body, a longitudinally and rotatably arranged operating memher, means for actuating the horizontal rud der by the longitudinal movement of said member, means for operating either side rudder and adjusting the aileronsto cause the craft to turn by the rotary movement of said member and means for automatically adj usting the ailerons to bring the craft to an even keel when the craft tilts sideways.

. 3. An aeroplane comprising a body, a wing, a horizontal rudder, ailerons at the sides of the body andseparatedfrom the wing, side rudders hingedly connected with the forward sides of the body, a longitudinally and rotatably'arranged operating member, 1means for actuating the horizontal rudder by the longitudinal movement of said member, means for operating either side rudder and adjusting the ailerons to cause the craft to turn by the rotary movement of said member andmeans for holding the parts in a-position with the horizontal rudder in adjusted position.

- 4. An aeroplane comprising a body, a wing,

a horizontal rudder, ailerons at the sides of the body and separated from the wing, side rudders hingedl connected with the forward sides of the ho y, a longitudinally and rotatably arranged operating member, means for actuating the horizontal rudder by the longitudinal -movement of, said member, means for operating either side rudder and adjusting the ailerons to cause the craft to turn by the rotary movement of said member, means for automatically adjusting the'ailerons to bring the craft to an even keel when the craft tilts sideways and means for holding the parts in a position with the horizontal rudder in adjusted position.

5. An aeroplane comprising a body, a wing, ailerons independent of the wing, side rud-, ders hinged at their front ends to the forward sides of the body, means for normally holding the rudders against the sides'of the body, a hand operated rotary member and means whereby the turning of said member in one direction will swing outwardly the rudderon one side of the body and lower the aileron on the opposite side of the body to cause the craft to make a banked turn in one direction and when the member is turned in an opposite direction, the other'rudder will be swung outwardly and the opposite aileron will lowered to make the craft, make a banked turn in the other direction.

i 6. An aeroplane comprising a body, a wing,

ailerons independent of the wing, side rudders hinged at their front ends to the forward sides of the body, means for-normally holding the rudders against the sides of the body, a hand operated rotary member and means whereby the turning of said member in one direction will swing outwardly the rudder on one side of the body and lower the aileron on the opposite side of the body to cause the craft to make a banked turn in one direction and when the member is turned in an opposite direction, the other rudder lwill be swung outwardly and the opposite aileron will be lowered to make the craft make abanked turn in the other direction and weighted vmea'ns for automatically adjusting the aile-' rons' to cause the craft to return to an even keel when the craft tilts sideways.

7. An aeroplane comprising a body, a wing,

a horizontal rudderat the tail of the body,

a. shaft slidably arranged in thebody and having a handle thereon for moving it longitudinally, .a sliding member operated by the longitudinal-movement of the shaft, a lever rocked by said sliding member, means for actuatingthe rudder from said lever, a hollow shaft rotatably arranged on .the first shaft, a handle on the hollow shaft andmeans actuated by the turning movement bf the hollow ghaft for holding the sliding member in adusted position.

8. An aeroplane comprising a body, a wing, a horizontal rudder at the tail of the body, a shaft slidably arranged in. the body and having a handle thereon for moving it longitudinally, a sliding member operated b hollow, shaft rotatably arranged on the first shaft, a handle on the hollow shaft, means actuated by the turning movement of the hol low shaft for holding the sliding member in adjusted position, such means comprising a cross piece having a threaded hole 'th'erein through which a threaded part of the hollow shaft passes whereby the cross piece will be .moved by the rotary movement of the hollow shaft, springs connected to each side 10f the 5 10's the longitudinal movement of the shaft, a-

.lever rocked by said sliding member, means for actuating the rudder from said lever, a

crosspieces, stationary parts to which the other ends of the springs-are'connected, so that byadjusting the position of the cross piece, the tension of the two sets-of springs .mally holding the rudders against the sides member is rotated in an opposite direction, 7

of the body, an arm connected to the inner face of each rudder and extending f rward- 1y, a pair of drums, a cable connecte to the front end of each arm and to a drum, a hand rotated member, means for rotating the drumsfrom said member whereby when the member is rotated in one direction, one rudder will be swung outwardly and when the member is rotated in an oppositedirection, the other rudder will be aileron at each side of the body and means operated by the rotary movement of the member for lowering'one aileron when the rudder at the opposite side of the body is swung outwardly and for lowering the second aileron when the other rudder is swung outwardly.

10. An aeroplane comprising a body, a-

wing, rudders hinged at their forward ends to the forward sides of the body, means for normally holding the rudders against the sides of the body, an arm connected to the inner face of each rudder and extending forwardly, a pair of drums, a cable connected to the front end of each arm and to a drum, a hand rotated member, means for rotating the drums from said member whereby when the member is rotated in one direction, one rudder will be swung outwardly and when the member is rotated in an opposite direction, the other rudder will be swung outwardly, an aileron at each side of the body, means operated by the'rotary movement of the member for lowering one aileron when the rudder at the opposite side of the body is swung outwardly and for lowering the second aileronwhen the other rudder is swung outwardly, such means comprising a drum connected with each of the other drums, levers for moving the ailerons and cables connecting the second drums with the levers. Y

11. An aeroplane comprising a body, a wing, rudders hinged at their forward ends to the forward sides of the body, means for normally holding the rudders against the sides of the body, an arm connected to the inner face of each rudder and extending for wardly, a pair of drums, a cable connected to the front end of each arm and to a drum, a hand rotated member, means for rotating the drums from said member whereby when the member is rotated in one direction, one rud der will be swung outwardly and when the the other rudder will be swung outwardly, an aileron at each side of the body, means operated by the rotary movement of the member for lowering one aileron when the rudder at the opposite side of the 'body is swung outwardly and for lowering the second aileron when the other rudder is swung outwardly, such means comprising a drum connected with each of the other drums, lev'ers for moving the ailerons, cables connecting the second drums with the levers and a swung outwardly, an r wing, rudders hinged at their forward ends to the forward sides of the body, means for normally holding the rudders against the sides of the bod an arm connected to the inner face of eac rudder and extending forwardly, a pair of drums, a cable connected to the front end of each arm and to a drum, a hand rotated member, means for rotating thedrums from said member whereby when the member is rotated in'one direction, one rudder will be'swung outwardly and when the member is rotated in an opposite direction, the other rudder will be swung outwardly, an aileron at each side of the body, means operated by the rotary movement of the member for lowering one aileron when the rudder at the opposite sideof the body is swung outwardly and for lowering the second aileron when the other rudder is swung outwardly, such means comprising a drum connected with each of the other drums, levers for moving the ailerons, cables connecting the second drums with the levers, a weight connected with the levers for automatically operating the ailerons to brmgthe craft to an even keel when the same tilts sideways, a horizontal rudder at the tail of the body, means whereby the rotary member can be moved longitudinally and means operated by such movement for actuating the horizontal rudder.

In testimony whereof I afli'x my s' ature.

CHARLIE T. JO ES. 

